EDITORIAL ETHICS

The Editors of the Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS” (Nauchno-analiticheskij Vestnik IE RAN) adhere to the principles of publication Ethics accepted by the international community, as reflected in the recommendations of the International Committee on the Ethics of Scientific Publications (COPE’s Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors), as well as in the University Good Research Practice Guidelines (Cambridge) recommendations.

In order to avoid dishonest practices in publishing activities, to ensure the high quality of scientific publications and public recognition of the scientific results obtained by the Author, each member of the Editorial (hereinafter referred to as  Editor), Author, Reviewer, Publisher, as well as members of the Editorial Board (hereinafter referred to as the Board) and other members of the publishing process are obliged to comply with Ethical standards, norms and rules, take all reasonable measures to prevent their violations.

Editor’s ethics

While we place particular value on editorial independence, we are guided by high standards, as reflected, in particular, in the recommendations of the Publishing Ethics: Academic/ Editorial Process, we strive to avoid compromising it by situations of conflict of interest, corporate competition, financial and political pressure.

The interest and efforts of Editor should be directed to the following goals:

• Orient the views and positions of the Author, Reader, Reviewer and Board on the improvement of our publication.
• Be responsible for making the decision to publish.
• Publish clear instructions for the Author with the requirements for writing and formatting articles.
• Evaluate the content of manuscripts regardless of the race, gender, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, origin, citizenship, or political preferences of the Author; when editing, exclude any personal, subjective assessments.
• Strive to meet the intellectual needs of the Reader and the Author of the journal.
• Eliminate the influence of business and politics on the decision to publish materials in the journal.
• Ensure the confidentiality of information about the manuscript received by the Editor, preventing its distribution outside the circle of involved persons - the Author, Reviewer, scientific consultants and the Publisher.
• Decide on the publication of materials, guided by the following criteria:

1. Correspondence of the manuscript to the subject of the journal.
2. Relevance, novelty, and scientific significance of the presented article.
3. Clarity of presentation.
4. Reliability of results and completeness of conclusions.

• Consider the recommendations of the Reviewer when making the final decision on the publication of the article. Responsibility for the decision to publish lies entirely with the Editor.
• Justify your decision to accept or reject an article for publication.
• Do not use information from unpublished materials in the Editor's own research.
• Maintain a working relationship with the Editorial Board, which is treated as an Advisory Body. Its members are selected for their high qualifications as well as their ability to assist the publishing process.

      We adhere to the recommendations of COPE’s Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors, according to which Board members should be aware of what is expected of them:

1. Fulfillment of a representative mission on behalf of the journal.
2. Efforts to support and promote the journal.
3. Participation in the selection of authors and encouraging them to write articles.
4. Acceptance of the Editor's instruction to write editorial columns, peer reviews, and comments on articles in the journal within their competence.

• At least once a year, the Editor should consult with the members of the Board, get acquainted with their assessment of the situation in the journal, inform them about changes in the publication policy, as well as about possible problems in the coming period.

Peer review: ethical aspect

A prerequisite for publishing an article in a journal is the presence of at least two positive reviews: internal and external. (More details) The Editor considers the interaction with the Reviewer as the most important stage of the publishing process, designed to ensure the published article's impartiality and high professional level. The Editor must inform the Reviewer about the requirements for the degree of relevance of the material, the depth of the research, and about all adjustments to the editorial policy. Editorial requirements concern the Reviewer's assessment of the content of the article and its style. The impartiality of the assessment is expressed in the presentation of the peer review - in its restrained, academic tone, in the exact placement of accents according to the parameters set by the Editor.

Unacceptable for the Reviewer are:

• Rigidly critical assessment of the manuscript (because the material is submitted for review after the Editor's preliminary acquaintance with it).
• Personal criticism of the Author.
• An attempt by the Reviewer to hide a possible conflict of interest between him and the Author.

The Editor expects from the Reviewer:

• Objective and impartial evaluation of the manuscript.
• Respect for confidentiality.
• Inadmissibility of using the information obtained during the review (before the publication of the evaluated article) for personal gain in one's research, as well as the inadmissibility of transferring material or its fragments that were not included in the final version of the article to third parties without the consent of the Author.
• Deciding based on specific facts with evidence in favor of one's position.
• Drawing the attention of the Editor-in-Chief to the essential or partial similarity of the evaluated manuscript with any other work, as well as to the facts of the absence of references to the provisions, conclusions, or arguments previously published in other works of this or other authors.
• Assistance to the Author in improving the quality of the article under consideration.

Author's ethics

We adhere to the definition of author/authorship adopted in COPE, and we are also aware that unquestioning observance of copyright follows from the legal status of the Author; in the scientific field, the authorship of quality publications is the basis for rewards and career advancement of the researcher.

At the same time, the Editor insists on the impeccable fulfillment by the Author of the following requirements of our publication:

• Submit only original content. If the Author refers to the publications of other researchers, he undertakes to format the links correctly. The presence of borrowings without reference is considered by the Editor as plagiarism.
• Plagiarism can take many forms, from presenting someone else's work as one's own, to copying or paraphrasing significant parts of someone else's work (without attribution), to claiming rights to the results of research done by others. Plagiarism in all its forms is evidence of the unethical behavior of the Author.
• Provide only confirmed facts and information in the manuscript; at the request of the editorial office, provide information to verify the facts and the stated conclusions.
• Do not use information obtained privately without the written permission of the owners of the rights to it.
• Avoid duplicating the publication of material provided to the editors.
• Be ethical when criticizing or commenting on third-party research.

Copyright should extend to all persons who have made a significant contribution to the conception, planning, and execution of the study. If any person took part in any significant part of the project, then he should either be acknowledged, or he should be included in the list of co-authors.

The Author undertakes to indicate all co-authors who meet these requirements, and not to indicate as such persons who do not meet these requirements and to guarantee that the final version of the article and its submission for publication were approved by all co-authors. The latter themselves determine the order of writing names in their joint article but explain to the Editor the reasons for their decision. If accepted for publication, the article is placed in the public domain; copyright is reserved by the authors.

Permission to use content

Before the article is submitted to the Editor for consideration, the Author must obtain permission to use any content created by others. Violation of this condition may result in long delays in publication.

The Author must be prepared to provide written permission to use such content at the request of the Editor.

The article cannot be published without the Author’s obtaining the following rights to use the borrowed material:

• Non-exclusive right to reproduce it in the article.
• Rights to use printed and electronic versions of materials.
• Perpetual right to use the material (implies no temporary restrictions on the reuse of the material, such as a one-year license).

Reproduction of tables, figures, or fragments of text (more than 400 words) from other sources is allowed if the Author:

• Has received written permission for use in print and electronic form from all persons who own the rights to the texts, illustrations, graphics, or other materials that he used in his manuscript, as well as any minor adaptation of materials created by others.
• In case of significant changes in the material created by other persons and used in the manuscript, he informed the copyright holder of the material about this and received written permission from him.
• Specified the source of data in the description of the figures and duplicated it in the bibliography.
• When using any content that is freely available on the Internet, previously clarified information about the copyright owner and received permission to borrow (reprint) it.

Competing interests

To avoid conflicts of interest, each of the parties assumes certain obligations.

The Editor must:

• Request information from all participants in the process of publishing a manuscript about the possibility of competing interests.
• Transfer the manuscript for consideration to another reviewer if the initially assigned conflict of interest with the Author of the submitted manuscript is revealed.
• Decide on the publication of information specified by the Author regarding the conflict of scientific and/or financial interests, if it is not confidential and may affect the assessment of the published work by the Reader or the scientific community.
• Ensure publication of amendments if information about a conflict of interest was received after the publication of the article.

The Author is obliged:

• List in the cover letter known to him, as well as potential sources of conflict of interest.
• Indicate the place of your work and the source of research funding.
• If there is no conflict of interest, state it in the cover letter.

The Reviewer must:

• Inform the Editor-in-Chief about the presence of a conflict of interest and refuse to examine the manuscript.